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Brzostek, T. (2004). "[Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis co-incident with Lyme borreliosis in pregnant woman—a case study]." Przegl Epidemiol 58(2): 289-94.

Carlomagno G; Luksa V; Candussi G; Rizzi GM; Trevisan G Acta Eur Fertil 1988 Sep-Oct;19(5):279-81 Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Trieste School of Medicine. Lyme Borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic Italian area.

Gardner, T. (1995). Lyme disease. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant.J. S. Remington and J. 0. Klein. Philadelphia, Saunders. Chap. 11: 447-528.

Goldenberg, R. L and C. Thompson (2003). "The infectious origins of stillbirth." Am J Obstet Gynecol 189(3): 861-73.

Gustafson, J. M., E. C. Burgess, et al. (1993). "Intrauterine transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs." Am J Vet Res 54(6): 882-90. (dog study)

Hercogova J, Vanousova D. (2008). Syphilis and borreliosis during pregnancy. Dermatol Ther. 2008 May-Jun;21(3):205-9.

Lavoie PE;Lattner BP;Duray PH; Barbour AG; Johnson HC. Arthritis Rheum 1987; Culture positive seronegative transplacental Lyme borreliosis infant mortality. Volume 30, Number 4, 3(Suppl):S50.

MacDonald, A. B. (1989). "Gestational Lyme borreliosis. Implications for the fetus." Rheum Dis Clin North Am 15(4): 657-77.

MacDonald, A. B. (1986). "Human fetal borreliosis, toxemia of pregnancy, and fetal death." Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 263(1-2): 189-200.

MacDonald, A. B., J. L. Benach, et al. (1987). "Stillbirth following maternal Lyme disease." NY State J Med 87(11): 615-6.

Maraspin, V., J. Cimperman, et al. (1999). "Erythema migrans in pregnancy." Wien Klin Wochenschr 111(22 23): 933-40.

Markowitz, L. E., A. C. Steere, et al. (1986). "Lyme disease during pregnancy." Jama 255(24): 3394-6. Because the etiologic agent of Lyme disease is a spirochete, there has been concern about the effect of maternal Lyme disease on pregnancy outcome.

Schlesinger, P. A., P. H. Duray, et al. (1985). "Maternal-fetal transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi." Ann Intern Med 103(1): 67-8.

Strobino BA, Abid S, Gewitz M (1999)  Maternal Lyme disease and congenital heart disease: A  case-control study in an endemic area.  Am. J. Obstet. Gyn., 180 :711-716.

Strobino BA, Williams CL, Abid S, Chalson R, Spierling P (1993)  Lyme disease and pregnancy  outcome:  A prospective study of 2,000 prenatal patients. Amer J Ob Gyn, 169:367‑74.

Walsh CA, Mayer EW, Baxi LV. (2007). Lyme disease in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2007 Jan;62(1):41-50.

Williams CL, Strobino BA, Lee A, Curran A, Benach JL, Inamdar S and Cristofaro (1990) Lyme disease in childhood:  Clinical and epidemiologic features of  ninety cases. Pediatr. Infect. Dis.,  9: 10‑14.

Williams CL and Strobino BA (1990)  Lyme disease and pregnancy ‑ A  review of the literature.  Contemporary Ob/Gyn, 35:48‑64.

Williams CL, Strobino BA, Weinstein A, Spierling P, Medici F (1995)  Maternal Lyme disease and congenital malformations:  A cordblood serosurvey in  endemic and control areas.  Pediatric and Perinatal Epid., 9: 320‑330. 

Weber, K., H. J. Bratzke, et al. (1988). "Borrelia burgdorferi in a newborn despite oral penicillin for Lyme borreliosis during pregnancy." Pediatr Infect Dis J 7(4):286-9.

(Ziska, Martina) Donta, S, Aberer, E. Ziska, M. (1996). “Clinical Conference: Chronic Lyme Disease.” Journal of Spirochetal and Tick-Borne Diseases Vol.3 No.3/4 Fall Winter 1996.

Breastfeeding

Schmidt. B. L.. E. Aberer, et al. (1995). "Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the urine and breast milk of patients with Lyme borreliosis." Diaqn Microbiol Infect Dis 21(3): 121-8

Altaie. S. S., S. Mookherjee. et al. (1996). Abstract # I17 Transmission of Borrelia burqdorferi from experimentally infected mating pairs to offspring in a murine model. FDA Science Forum.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) website

During Pregnancy & While Breastfeeding
“Lyme disease acquired during pregnancy may lead to infection of the placenta and possible stillbirth, however, no negative effects on the fetus have been found when the mother receives appropriate antibiotic treatment. There are no reports of Lyme disease transmission from breast milk.” http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/LYME/ld_transmission.htm